The Act, in effect, also provides a range of reasonableness within which the FCC may set rates when it indicates that a minimum reasonable rate is equivalent to the marginal cost of providing pole attachments, while the maximum reasonable rate is determined by computing the fully allocated cost of the construction and operation of each pole to which cable is attached (47 U.S.C. The Pole Attachments Act (Act) empowers the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), in the absence of parallel state regulation, to determine "just and reasonable" rates that utility companies may charge cable television systems for using utility poles as the physical medium for stringing television cable (47 U.S.C. 245 APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT Syllabus 245 (1987) Federal Communications Commission v. POWELL, J., filed a concurring opinion, in which O'CONNOR, J., joined, post, p. MARSHALL, J., delivered the opinion for a unanimous Court. Because the Act does not authorize a taking under the Fifth Amendment, it is unnecessary to review the Court of Appeals' holding that the Act is unconstitutional. Here, the rate imposed was calculated according to the Act's maximum rate formula, which is not confiscatory since it provides for the recovery of fully allocated costs, including the actual cost of capital. (b) The FCC order did not effect a taking under traditional Fifth Amendment standards, which permit governmental regulation of rates chargeable on the use of private property devoted to public purposes so long as the rates set are not confiscatory. Since the Act clearly contemplates voluntary commercial leases, rather than forced governmental licensing, it merely regulates the economic relations of utility company landlords and cable company tenants, which regulation is not a per se taking under Loretto. (a) The Court of Appeals erred in applying Loretto's narrow per se rule, since the element of required acquiescence is at the heart of the concept of occupation under Loretto, whereas nothing in the Act, as interpretedīy the FCC, requires utility companies to give cable companies space on utility poles or prohibits utility companies from refusing to enter into attachment agreements. The Act does not authorize a taking of property within the meaning of the Fifth Amendment. The court then struck down the Act under the Fifth Amendment on the ground that its authorization to the FCC to make initial rate determinations under prescribed standards usurped an exclusively judicial function.ġ. Teleprompter Manhattan CATV Corp., 458 U. The court first concluded that the Act authorized a permanent physical occupation of property, constituting a per se taking for which compensation must be paid under Loretto v. However, on review, the Court of Appeals held that the Act violated the Fifth Amendment. These orders were upheld by the FCC, which rejected appellee's constitutional arguments under the Takings and Due Process Clauses. Upon the complaints of three cable operators alleging that the yearly per-pole attachment rentals charged them by appellee Florida Power Corporation - $7.15, $6.24, and $5.50, respectively - were unreasonable, the FCC's Common Carrier Bureau issued orders reforming each of the pole attachment agreements to provide for yearly rents of $1.79 per pole.
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Cool pans on wire rack for 10 minutes.Bake for 12-14 minutes or until edges are golden and toothpick inserted in middle comes out clean. Bake all three pans together, unless oven is too small, in that case bake in batches.A thin metal spatula works well for this step. Add batters to prepared pans, spreading evenly to edges.Mix each batter until color is well blended. Add 10 drops green food coloring to one bowl, 10 drops yellow food coloring into another and 10 drops red food coloring into last bowl.Divide batter into thirds (1 cup plus 1 tablespoon for each bowl). Sift flour and salt into almond mixture.Add eggs one at a time, beating well between each, until light and fluffy.Add butter and beat until light colored and smooth. Beat Almond Paste (grated using large hole side of box grater) and sugar in mixing bowl until the texture of sand (a food processor makes short work of this step and then add to mixing bowl).Grease and flour parchment and pan sides, or use cooking spray. Grease or spray bottom of pans, then line each pan bottom with parchment. Store the cookies in a air tight container for up to 3 days and in the refrigerator for 7-10 days. The cookies will firm as they cool.Ħ – Let cookies cool for 2 minutes on the sheet and then cool them on a wire rack for at least twenty minutes before enjoying them. Flatten the dough as shown in the pic and place a almond and few chocolate chips.ĥ – Bake in the 325 F preheated oven for about 12 -14 minutes or the till the sides turn pale brown.ĭo not over bake. Press and try forming a ball, if not pulse it couple more times.Ĥ – Place a parchment paper on the cookie tray. Drop the dough into powdered sugar and coat the Italian almond cookie well with the. Scoop the dough into small rounds using a 2-teaspoon to 1 tablespoon cookie scoop. Transfer the almond paste batter to a large bowl and fold in the almond flour. Step by Step Instructions –Īdjust the oven rack to one above the middle rack and preheat the oven to 325 F.ġ – To a blender add the almond flour and pitted dates.Ģ – Pulse it few times till the dates and almond flour are combined well. Add the egg white, salt and almond extract and blend until the batter is very smooth and creamy. Almond meal which is grainy will not work in this recipe.ĭates – we need soft pitted dates. is vegan, gluten free and refined sugar freeĪlmond Flour – we need super almond flour in this recipe.are chewy and lightly sweetened with dates.Gradually add flour, butter, salt and extract. Dates and Almond Flour combo sounded too good that I had to try. Transfer to a large bowl, beat eggs and sugar mixture 2-3 minutes or until thick and lemon-colored. Recently when I shared the Vegan Almond Flour Cookies, a reader asked if they could replace sugar with date paste. Vegan, gluten free and refined sugar free! These 3 ingredient Almond Flour cookies are chewy, yummy and ridiculously easy to make. Thanks to Andy Wallace's heavy production and several successful singles ("Refuse/Resist", "Territory", "Slave New World"), Chaos became the band's breakthrough album, earning both commercial and critical success. Their similarly-acclaimed followup Roots was yet another change in sound ( Nu Metal this time) that also placed emphasis on Brazilian percussion (supplied by Carlinhos Brown) and featured a collaboration with members of the Brazilian Xavante Indian tribe, as well as appearances by Jonathan Davis, DJ Lethal, and Mike Patton. Max Cavalera left the band shortly after the album's release in 1996, for still unclear reasons, and instead formed his own band, Soulfly. The new Sepultura lineup predictably created some division, but the band carried on with modestly acclaimed albums. Max and Igor later got back together to form a new band named Cavalera Conspiracy which has caused a bicker as to which band is the real Sepultura, further confounded by the fact that Sepultura's music is almost unanimously agreed upon by fans to have improved in recent years. Andreas Kisser - guitars, backing vocals (1987-present) lead vocals (1996-1998).Derrick Green - lead vocals (1997-present) additional rhythm guitar (1998-2005).Eloy Casagrande drums, percussion (2011-present).Igor Cavalera drums, percussion (1984≢006).Max Cavalera lead vocals, rhythm guitar, berimbau (1985≡997) lead guitar, backing vocals (1984≡986).Wagner Lamounier lead vocals (1984≡985).Julio Cesar Vieira Franco lead guitar (1985-1986).Jean Dolabella drums, percussion (2006≢011).Bestial Devastation EP (1985) - split EP with Brazilian band Overdose. Unlike the double slit experiment, the d (the distance between two sources of wavefronts) can be varied. Ok so, initially the equation is dsin(t) = m L/2 (t being theta, L being lambda). not an easy concept to grasp, so please keep asking f its not making sense yet. We say that the individual slits have imposed a single slit 'envelope' onto the double slit pattern So the individual slits 'superimpose' their individual effects ONTO the double slit pattern. But look, it is gradually fading towards the edges.that is the effect of the single slit pattern. See the green picture above.The combination of the two coherent sources produces the regular max/ min pattern of a double slit diffraction pattern. the COMBINED effect of A and BĪnd the independent effects due to A and the effect due to B. The new sound C is due to the interaction of A and B.īut then we find that A has its own independent effect on CĪnd B also has its own independent effect on C and combined, they produced a new sound C. Imagine if we have two identical sound sources A and B. Hereīut you can see here that each of the slits has its own 'influence' on the pattern of maxima and minima. The double slit pattern is not a combination of two singles slit patterns.īut you can see BOTH patterns at the same time.įor the double slit pattern, The waves from each slit 'combine' to form the regular maxima and minima of the double slit pattern. w(lambda), see the next video, titled "More on single slit interference". These diffraction patterns occur under the assumption that the slit is small relative to the wavelength of the light - i.e. Consider how we do not observe diffraction patterns when there are larger holes in, say, window curtains. This will occur when the difference between the lengths of the beams of light are (lambda)/2.įor other cases, the diffraction pattern will be less noticeable, or non-existent. In other words, in cases where the beams of light at the top and midpoint are destructive, then we will see this diffraction pattern. Let me see if I can find a diagram to help.īut its a great question shows good thinkingĥ:27, David says that IF the top and middle beams of light interfere destructively, then all of the other beams of light will interfere destructively (as every beam of light will have a "partner" that destructively interferes and thus cancels it out). The size of the individual slits determines the shape of the 'envelope' that controls the size of each of the maxima. The interaciton of the light from the two slits produces the regular max-min pattern Now, how quickly they get smaller depends upon the size of the individual single slits that make up the double slit.Īs the slits of the double slit arrangement get narrower, what happens to the double slit pattern? You will see that if the slits are very narrow, then the hills (maxima) in the double slit pattern get smaller but much slower. They get smaller as you move away from the centre line. Well, if you look again at the double slit patter, the hills are not all he same size. So, where is the single slit pattern in the doubles slit pattern? lots of equally sized hills (max) and valleys. looks like a big hill in the middle with smaller hills on each side ok? Its a little difficult to explain face to face even, so on here, may be a bit tough, but, here goes. Droppix Recorder makes it simple! New for Droppix Recorder 2: - Brand-new graphical interface even more intuitive and user-friendly - 100% Windows Vista-compatible - Support for Blu-Ray discs (BD-ROM, BD-R and BD-RE) - Includes new Droppix Label Maker Lite 2.8 to burn LightScribe silkscreen-quality disc labels - New Droppix SmartDisc wizard to simplify all recording and printing projects - Support for MPC audio files as well as FLAC and APE lossless formats - Easy creation of crossfades between tracks - Automatic volume adjustment of all tracks on an album - New built-in search wizard to find any document in seconds Additional features and functions: - Fast and secure data backup in just a few clicks - Simple and intuitive user interface - Support for CD, CD-RW, DVD+-R/W, DVD+-R DL and DVD-RAM - Easy creation of music CDs and sophisticated multimedia compilations - Exact 1:1 copies for all non-protected discs - Rip music from your audio CDs - Create, convert and display disc images (ISO, BIN, NRG. Whether you are creating your own music compilations, burning your vacation memories, making a copy of your favorite CD, or simply backing up your important data files to CD or DVD. Current version is 1.56.Added support of StarBurn 10 library.Fixed bug when burning large files to DVD discs.Fixed bug when logging adding to disc image file size.Droppix Recorder is the most complete and easiest to use solution for copying and burning all your files to CD and DVD. In addition, there are options for duplicating disks, erasing disks and even controlling it from the command prompt.Ī very elegant and powerful burner, it's a solid solution especially for those wanting to burn Bluray and HD disks with minimum fuss.įixed AV bug when trying to copy Audio/CDExtra/Mixed as audio data disc.įixed bug when showing incorrect MDS image file size.įixed bug in RomeoCmd when got registration procedure error.įixed bug with "device locked" for some ASUS drives in Copy Disc action.Īdded support to burn MDF (not splitted & not protected) to DVD.įixed bug when burning large files to DVD discs.įixed bug when logging adding to disc image file size.įixed progress bar flicking under Windows Vista ChangesĪdded support to burn XMF to DVD.Fixed AV bug when trying to copy Audio/CDExtra/Mixed as audio data disc.Fixed bug when showing incorrect MDS image file size.Fixed bug in RomeoCmd when got registration procedure error.Fixed bug with "device locked" for some ASUS drives in Copy Disc action.Fixed bug when grabbing DVD to MDS.Added support to burn MDF (not splitted & not protected) to DVD.Updated SPTD. This comes with a built-in MP3 tag editor and CDDB database to detect which songs you are burning. There are a ton of other burning possibilities too including an Audio Disc Grabber with which you can rip audio discs to your hard drive in MP3 or WMA format. Once you're done, simply click "Burn" and you're away with the burner selecting the right speed according to your burners capabilities. The file menu works via drag and drop so you just drag in everything that you want to burn and configure whether you're starting a "multissesion" burning session or just "Track at once". The program provides several ways options to burn disk, the most complicated of which take no more than 5 or 6 clicks. Once installed, you will find all your starting points within the "Romeo Projects" folder which has appeared on your Desktop. Romeo Burner is one of the most comprehensive, powerful and yet simple to use CD/DVD burners you could hope to find.ĭesigned with the latest generation Bluray and HD-DVD disks in mind, it's a one-program-fits-all solution for your burning needs. Back of the Net: 2022 World Cup kicks new life into World Cup coverage, capturing the wild and weird world of soccer’s biggest tournament. The World Cup fun doesn’t end when the stoppage time seconds tick away. And to prove it, American Elections: Wicked Game will review the entire history of presidential elections, from the unanimous and inevitable election of George Washington in 1789 to Donald Trump’s surprise electoral victory in 2016.įrom the host of the American History Tellers and American Scandal, this new podcast will explore all 58 presidential elections to discover that there never never was a “good ol’ days,” and that presidential politics has always been played dirty. They still have to endure weeks of shouting, outrage, and the worst sort of political rancor as the country once again chooses its president.īut it’s almost always been this way. Newspapers screamed, factions warred, and John Adams was dismayed with what he called “the wicked Game.”Īmericans in 2020 can relate. The election was nearing-and becoming heated. On February 10th, 1796, Vice President John Adams wrote to his wife Abigail, lamenting the state of discourse in the country. The Cincinnati Enquirer investigates: Was the right guy charged, or did a killer walk free?Īll episodes are available for free, with ad-free episodes available for Wondery+ subscribers. Season 1: When Elizabeth Andes was found murdered in her Ohio apartment in 1978, police and prosecutors decided within hours it was an open-and-shut case. The Cincinnati Enquirer investigates: Was William Virgil wrongly convicted for murder? Thirty years later, the conviction is overturned and the case is once again unsolved. Season 2: A soft-hearted prison minister was found killed in her Kentucky apartment, and Newport police zeroed in on an ex-convict she’d counseled. We’re hoping to figure out: Did 39-year-old David Bocks kill himself, as Fernald officials alleged, or was he more likely killed? The dead man’s children believe their father was murdered because he intended to expose how the plant had been releasing millions of pounds of uranium dust into the atmosphere. Two months later, the Fernald Feed Materials Production Center was revealed to have been processing uranium – and polluting the region. It turned out he’d met a gruesome fate: Pieces of bone, his eyeglasses and walkie-talkie were uncovered inside a vat that reached 1350 degrees Fahrenheit. Season 3: In 1984, a father of three disappeared while working at a mysterious Cincinnati plant. The journalists of Accused are reexamining the case to learn if Jones truly belongs on death row, or if a botched investigation let someone else get away with murder. For nearly 30 years, Jones has maintained his innocence - and accused police of straight-up framing him. That, plus a pendant an officer said was discovered in the trunk of his car, sealed the fate of Elwood Jones, who awaits execution on Ohio's death row. Days later, a hotel employee went to the hospital to be treated for an infection in his hand, which was teeming with a bacteria most often found in human mouths. The autopsy proved otherwise: Nathan, 67, had been viciously beaten to death, punched so hard by her assailant that two of her teeth had been knocked out. Season 4: When Rhoda Nathan's lifeless body was discovered in her hotel room, it was assumed she'd had a heart attack. Binge all of Season 4 early and ad-free by subscribing to Wondery+. You can easily take care of these things with the help of a revenue model. Things like production costs, staff salaries, and the price consumers are willing to pay are required to be calculated in advance to keep your business going. Revenue is required to keep your business alive. HQ: United States, New York, New York CityĬategory: Restaurants and Delivery What is a Revenue Model?īesides coming up with what you will sell, you need to chalk out a plan for revenue generation. They have come to be known as GrubHub, Inc, previously operating with the name 'GrubHub Seamless.' Overview of Seamless In 2013, Seamless signed an agreement to merge with GrubHub, its parent today. Ason Finger, Paul Appelbaum, Todd Arky, and Andy Appelbaum founded Seamless in 1999. It is an online food ordering service allowing people to order food for home delivery and takeouts from restaurants through their website or suite of mobile apps. Seamless was previously known as SeamlessWeb. The revenue model of seamless is unique as well as worthy of studying in detail before starting one’s venture. Seamless is a popular and successful food delivery app. In this article, we present to you the Seamless Revenue Model. Studying revenue models of competitors comes in handy as they warn you about your potential mistakes and teach many other nuances. But to survive the competition, things need to be planned very carefully. The younger generation prefers eating out and buying prepared food.įood delivery apps are an exciting venture for many entrepreneurs. Besides helping the working class, Food Delivery apps have gained immense popularity among millennials. They allow us to focus and devote time to other important tasks without worrying about basic stuff. Such facilities have made our lives easier. With a few clicks, we can order food, alcohol, medicine, books, etc., and get them delivered to our doorsteps in no time. We live in a digital world today where on-demand delivery apps rule. |
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